Pics look exactly like GD to me as well. You might try cutting the apple in half longitudinally and take a pic of the section, that sometimes helps with ID because the shape of the core can be distinctive.
Fertilize with bone meal, and maybe some sulphate of potash, and you should get improved fruit yield and quality.
As for pre-1600 apples, good luck. I did some research on this and concluded there are basically no cultivars definitely known to be the same as the named medieval varieties. There always seems to be a gap in the history that leaves significant uncertainty, and conflicting claims about the origins and history of the surviving trees. I do have an "Old Gravenstein" that is supposed to be a direct descendant of the 16th c. Grav, and a Court Pendu Plat that is supposed to be Roman but that is an extremely dubious claim.
no subject
Fertilize with bone meal, and maybe some sulphate of potash, and you should get improved fruit yield and quality.
As for pre-1600 apples, good luck. I did some research on this and concluded there are basically no cultivars definitely known to be the same as the named medieval varieties. There always seems to be a gap in the history that leaves significant uncertainty, and conflicting claims about the origins and history of the surviving trees. I do have an "Old Gravenstein" that is supposed to be a direct descendant of the 16th c. Grav, and a Court Pendu Plat that is supposed to be Roman but that is an extremely dubious claim.